혼합 가정법 · 영어 문법 정리

핵심 정리

혼합 가정법은 과거의 일이 현재에 영향을 줄 때 씁니다. if절은 과거의 반대, 주절은 현재의 반대입니다.

구조: If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would/could/might + 동사원형 (+ now)

If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
(더 열심히 공부했더라면 지금 의사일 텐데.)
실제: I didn't study hard, so I'm not a doctor now.

주절의 now, today, still 같은 말이 혼합 가정법의 신호입니다.

문장	종류
If I had taken the job, I would have been rich.	가정법 과거 완료
If I had taken the job, I would be rich now.	혼합 가정법

두 시점의 사실을 나눠 생각합니다.

사실	시점	가정
I didn't take the medicine.	과거	If I had taken the medicine,
I am sick now.	현재	I wouldn't be sick now.

합친 문장: If I had taken the medicine, I wouldn't be sick now.

현재의 상태 때문에 과거에 다른 결과가 있었을 때 씁니다.

구조: If + 주어 + 과거형, 주어 + would have p.p.

If I were taller, I would have made the team.
(내가 키가 더 크다면 그 팀에 들어갔을 텐데.)
실제: I'm not tall, so I didn't make the team.

종류	if절	주절
과거 → 현재	had p.p.	would + 원형
현재 → 과거	과거형	would have p.p.

혼합 가정법	사실
If she had saved money, she could buy a house now.	She didn't save money, so she can't buy a house now.
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't feel sick.	I ate too much, so I feel sick.
If he weren't so lazy, he would have finished.	He is lazy, so he didn't finish.

if를 생략하면 had가 앞으로 옵니다.

예문	뜻
If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired now.	잠을 잤더라면 지금 피곤하지 않을 텐데.
If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn't be hungry.	점심을 먹었더라면 배고프지 않을 텐데.
If you had called me, I would know.	네가 전화했더라면 내가 알 텐데.
If I had studied, I'd be happy now.	공부했더라면 지금 기쁠 텐데.

예문	뜻
If I had learned English earlier, I would have a better job now.	영어를 일찍 배웠더라면 지금 더 좋은 직장에 다닐 텐데.
If we had left on time, we would be there by now.	제시간에 출발했더라면 지금쯤 도착했을 텐데.
If she hadn't moved abroad, she would still live near us.	그녀가 해외로 이사하지 않았다면 아직 우리 근처에 살 텐데.
If you weren't so stubborn, you would have listened.	네가 그렇게 고집스럽지 않다면 내 말을 들었을 텐데.

예문	뜻
If the company had invested in technology, it would be the market leader today.	회사가 기술에 투자했더라면 오늘날 시장 선도 기업일 것이다.
Had the law been passed last year, many families would not be struggling now.	작년에 그 법이 통과되었더라면 많은 가정이 지금 고생하지 않을 것이다.
If I weren't afraid of flying, I would have visited you long ago.	내가 비행기를 무서워하지 않는다면 오래전에 널 방문했을 것이다.

상황	문장	뜻
후회	If I had taken that job, I'd live in London now.	그 일을 맡았다면 지금 런던에 살 텐데요.
회의	If we had tested it, we wouldn't have this problem.	테스트했다면 지금 이 문제가 없을 겁니다.
위로	If you hadn't helped, I wouldn't be here.	도와주지 않았다면 전 여기 없었을 거예요.
일정	If we had left earlier, we'd be there now.	더 일찍 출발했다면 지금 도착했을 거예요.
건강	If I'd gone to bed earlier, I wouldn't be so tired.	일찍 잤으면 이렇게 피곤하지 않을 텐데요.

틀린 문장	맞는 문장	이유
If I studied harder then, I'd be a doctor.	If I had studied harder then, I'd be a doctor.	과거의 일입니다.
If I had studied, I would have been a doctor now.	If I had studied, I would be a doctor now.	now는 현재입니다.
If I would have saved, I'd be rich.	If I had saved, I'd be rich.	if절에 would를 쓰지 않습니다.
If I had eaten, I won't be hungry.	If I had eaten, I wouldn't be hungry.	주절은 would입니다.
If I had slept, I wouldn't tired.	If I had slept, I wouldn't be tired.	be동사가 필요합니다.

If I had taken the umbrella, I wet now.
wouldn't be: now가 있습니다.
If she had finished college, she a better job today.
would have: today는 현재입니다.
If you to me last week, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
had listened: 과거의 일입니다.
If I rich, I would have bought that house last year.
were: if절이 현재 사실의 반대이므로 과거형을 씁니다.

괄호 안의 동사를 혼합 가정법 형태로 바꾸세요.

혼합 가정법으로 바꾸세요.
I didn't book a hotel, so we have nowhere to stay now.
If I had booked a hotel, we would have somewhere to stay now.
If를 생략하세요.
If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
Had I studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
사실을 나타내는 문장으로 바꾸세요.
If he had taken the job, he would live in Tokyo now.
He didn't take the job, so he doesn't live in Tokyo now.

If I had taken the bus, I would have been there now.
If I had taken the bus, I would be there now. now는 현재입니다.

다음 문장을 영어로 옮겨 보세요.
내가 어제 그 약을 먹었더라면 오늘 기분이 더 좋을 텐데.
If I had taken the medicine yesterday, I would feel better today.

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