영어 문법 정리
13. 접속사와 절

간접화법과 시제 일치

중급간접화법(間接話法), 시제 일치(時制の一致)용어집 보기
이 문서 목차
  1. 핵심 정리
  2. 1. 간접화법 만드는 방법
  3. 2. 시제 변화
  4. 3. 대명사, 시간, 장소의 변화
  5. 4. 문장 종류별 간접화법
  6. 5. 시제를 바꾸지 않는 경우
  7. 6. 전달 동사
  8. 7. 예문
  9. 8. 실전 사용 예
  10. 9. 한국인이 자주 하는 실수
  11. 10. 퀴즈

핵심 정리

종류 설명 예문
직접화법 들은 말을 그대로 옮김 He said, "I am tired."
간접화법 내 입장에서 바꿔 전달 He said (that) he was tired.
시제 일치 주절이 과거이면 종속절도 보통 과거 쪽으로 이동 He said he was tired.

1. 간접화법 만드는 방법

  1. 따옴표를 없애고 필요하면 that을 넣습니다.
  2. 대명사를 말하는 사람 기준으로 바꿉니다.
  3. 전달 기준이 과거로 옮겨지면 보통 시제를 한 단계 과거로 바꿉니다.
  4. 대명사와 시간·장소 표현은 실제 지시 대상에 맞춰 바꿉니다.
단계 문장
직접화법 Mina said, "I will call you tomorrow."
간접화법 Mina said (that) she would call me the next day.

2. 시제 변화

직접화법 간접화법
현재 (am, work) 과거 (was, worked)
현재진행 (am working) 과거진행 (was working)
과거 (worked) 과거완료 (had worked)
현재완료 (have worked) 과거완료 (had worked)
will would
can could
may might
must had to

could, would, should, might, ought to는 바뀌지 않습니다.

3. 대명사, 시간, 장소의 변화

전달하는 시점이나 장소가 달라졌을 때 보통 다음과 같이 바꿉니다. 같은 날 같은 곳에서 전하면 바꾸지 않을 수 있습니다.

직접화법 간접화법
I, my he/she, his/her
now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
tomorrow the next day
next week the following week
here there
this that
ago before

4. 문장 종류별 간접화법

평서문

say, tell을 씁니다.

동사 구조 예문
say say + (that) 절 He said he was busy.
say say to + 사람 He said to me that he was busy.
tell tell + 사람 + (that) 절 He told me he was busy.
  • He told that he was busy. (✗)
  • He said me that he was busy. (✗)

의문문

ask를 쓰고 간접의문문 어순으로 바꿉니다.

직접화법 간접화법
She said, "Are you OK?" She asked if I was OK.
She said, "Where do you live?" She asked where I lived.

명령문

tell, ask, order + 목적어 + to부정사를 씁니다.

직접화법 간접화법
He said, "Sit down." He told me to sit down.
She said, "Please wait." She asked me to wait.
He said, "Don't go." He told me not to go.

제안

  • "Let's go." → He suggested going. 또는 He suggested that we go.

5. 시제를 바꾸지 않는 경우

경우 예문
주절이 현재 He says he is busy.
변하지 않는 진리 She said that the Earth goes around the Sun.
현재도 사실인 일 He said he lives in Seoul.
습관 She said she gets up at six.
역사적 사실 We learned that the war ended in 1945.
가정법 He said that if he were rich, he would travel.

6. 전달 동사

동사 뜻 예문
say 말하다 She said she was fine.
tell 알려 주다 She told me she was fine.
ask 묻다 She asked if I was fine.
explain 설명하다 She explained that it was hard.
promise 약속하다 She promised to come.
offer 제안하다 She offered to help.
remind 상기시키다 She reminded me to call.
warn 경고하다 She warned me not to go.
advise 조언하다 She advised me to rest.
admit 인정하다 She admitted that she lied.

7. 예문

쉬운 예문

예문 뜻
She said she was tired. 그녀는 피곤하다고 말했다.
He told me he liked it. 그는 그것이 마음에 든다고 내게 말했다.
Tom asked if I was busy. Tom은 내가 바쁜지 물었다.
She told me to wait. 그녀는 내게 기다리라고 말했다.

보통 예문

예문 뜻
My boss said that he would be late. 상사는 늦을 거라고 말했다.
She told me she had seen that movie. 그녀는 그 영화를 봤다고 내게 말했다.
They asked where we were going. 그들은 우리가 어디로 가는지 물었다.
The doctor told me not to drink. 의사는 내게 술을 마시지 말라고 했다.

어려운 예문

예문 뜻
The CEO announced that the company would open a new branch. 대표는 회사가 새 지점을 열 것이라고 발표했다.
The report stated that unemployment had fallen for three months. 그 보고서는 실업률이 석 달간 하락했다고 밝혔다.
The manager reminded the staff that the deadline could not be extended. 관리자는 직원들에게 마감일을 연장할 수 없다고 상기시켰다.

8. 실전 사용 예

상황 문장 뜻
전달 He said he'd call you back. 그가 다시 전화하겠다고 했어요.
업무 The client asked if we could finish early. 고객이 일찍 끝낼 수 있는지 물었습니다.
이메일 You mentioned that the file was missing. 파일이 없다고 말씀하셨습니다.
회의 She told us to wait until Monday. 그녀는 월요일까지 기다리라고 했습니다.
소문 I heard that he quit. 그가 그만뒀다고 들었어요.

9. 한국인이 자주 하는 실수

틀린 문장 맞는 문장 이유
He said me he was tired. He told me he was tired. say는 사람 목적어를 쓰지 않습니다.
He told he was tired. He told me he was tired. tell은 사람 목적어가 필요합니다.
(월요일의 "I am sick today."를 수요일에 전달) She said she is sick today. She said she was sick that day. 전달 시점이 달라졌으므로 시제와 시간 표현을 바꿉니다.
He asked me where was I. He asked me where I was. 주어 + 동사 순서입니다.
She asked did I eat. She asked if I had eaten. if를 쓰고 시제를 바꿉니다.
He told me don't go. He told me not to go. to부정사를 씁니다.
I said him that I was busy. I told him that I was busy. tell을 씁니다.

10. 퀴즈

간접화법으로 바꾸기

  1. My brother said, "I am hungry."
  2. She said, "I will help you."
  3. He said to me, "I saw your sister yesterday."
  4. She said to me, "Where do you work?"
  5. He said to me, "Are you ready?"
  6. She said to us, "Close the door."
  7. Mom said to me, "Don't be late."

알맞은 말 고르기

  1. He me that he was leaving.
  2. She that she was tired.
  3. The teacher said that the Earth around the Sun. (변하지 않는 사실로 전하세요)

틀린 곳 고치기

  1. He asked me where did I live.

도전 문제

  1. 다음 문장을 영어로 옮겨 보세요.
    그녀는 내게 다음 날 보고서를 끝낼 수 있는지 물었다.

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