영어 문법 정리
04. 동사의 기초

be동사 과거형

초급과거형(過去形)용어집 보기
이 문서 목차
  1. 핵심 정리
  2. 1. 부정문
  3. 2. 의문문
  4. 3. 함께 쓰는 과거 표현
  5. 4. 현재형과 비교
  6. 5. 다른 시제의 재료가 되는 was/were
  7. 6. 예문
  8. 7. 실전 사용 예
  9. 8. 한국인이 자주 하는 실수
  10. 9. 퀴즈

핵심 정리

be동사 과거형은 '~이었다', '~에 있었다', '~했다(상태)' 를 나타냅니다. was와 were 두 가지만 있습니다.

주어 현재형 과거형
I am was
he, she, it, 단수명사 is was
you, we, they, 복수명사 are were
  • I was tired yesterday.
  • They were at the beach last week.

1. 부정문

was와 were 뒤에 not을 붙입니다.

형태 줄임말 예문
was not wasn't I wasn't home.
were not weren't We weren't late.

2. 의문문

주어와 was/were의 위치를 바꿉니다.

평서문 의문문 대답
You were busy. Were you busy? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
He was sick. Was he sick? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't.
The food was good. Was the food good? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.

의문사를 맨 앞에 두면 다음과 같습니다.

  • Where were you last night?
  • How was your trip?

3. 함께 쓰는 과거 표현

표현 뜻 예문
yesterday 어제 It was hot yesterday.
last night/week/year 어젯밤/지난주/작년 I was in Tokyo last week.
~ ago ~ 전에 She was a teacher ten years ago.
in 2010 2010년에 We were in college in 2010.
then, at that time 그때 I was very young then.
when I was young 내가 어렸을 때 I was shy when I was young.

4. 현재형과 비교

시제 예문 뜻
현재 She is a doctor. 지금 의사이다.
과거 She was a doctor. 예전에 의사였다. (지금은 아닐 수 있음)

5. 다른 시제의 재료가 되는 was/were

뒤의 시제에서 다시 만납니다.

시제 구조 예문
과거진행형 was/were + V-ing I was reading.
수동태 과거 was/were + p.p. The house was built in 1990.
be going to 과거 was/were going to I was going to call you.

6. 예문

쉬운 예문

예문 뜻
She was there. 그녀는 거기 있었다.
It was a good day. 좋은 날이었다.
We were happy. 우리는 행복했다.
She wasn't there. 그녀는 거기 없었다.

보통 예문

예문 뜻
How was your weekend? 주말 어떻게 보냈어요?
The movie wasn't as good as the book. 영화는 책만큼 좋지 않았다.
My grandparents were farmers. 우리 조부모님은 농부셨다.
Were you at the meeting this morning? 오늘 아침 회의에 있었어요?

어려운 예문

예문 뜻
The results were better than we had expected. 결과는 우리가 예상했던 것보다 좋았다.
It was not until last year that I started learning English. 나는 작년이 되어서야 영어를 배우기 시작했다.
There were several reasons why the project was unsuccessful. 그 프로젝트가 성공하지 못한 데에는 몇 가지 이유가 있었다.

7. 실전 사용 예

상황 문장 뜻
안부 How was your trip? 여행은 어땠어요?
회의 The presentation was great. 발표가 훌륭했어요.
회사 I was out of the office yesterday. 어제 사무실에 없었습니다.
사과 I was wrong. 제가 틀렸어요.
경험 It was the best trip of my life. 제 인생 최고의 여행이었어요.

8. 한국인이 자주 하는 실수

틀린 문장 맞는 문장 이유
I were at home. I was at home. I에는 was를 씁니다.
You was late. You were late. you에는 were를 씁니다.
We was happy. We were happy. 복수 주어에는 were를 씁니다.
I am tired yesterday. I was tired yesterday. 과거이므로 was를 씁니다.
Did you were busy? Were you busy? be동사는 did를 쓰지 않습니다.
He didn't was there. He wasn't there. be동사 뒤에 not을 붙입니다.
I was go there. I went there. 일반동사의 과거형을 씁니다.

9. 퀴즈

빈칸 채우기

  1. I sick last week.
  2. We at the airport at noon.
  3. The weather nice yesterday.
  4. My shoes wet.

문장 바꾸기

  1. 과거형으로 바꾸세요.
    She is a student.
  2. 부정문으로 바꾸세요.
    They were at home.
  3. 의문문으로 바꾸세요.
    The test was difficult.

틀린 곳 고치기

  1. Did he was angry?
  2. I wasn't at school yesterday, but I am at home.

대화 완성

  1. A: How the concert?
    B: It fantastic!

도전 문제

  1. 다음 문장을 영어로 옮겨 보세요.
    어제 우리 가족은 집에 있었지만, 나는 학교에 있었다.

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